Why do divers need to equalize pressure in their ears?

Divers need to equalize pressure in their ears primarily to prevent barotrauma, which occurs when there is a pressure difference between the outer ear and the inner ear. As a diver descends, the water pressure surrounding them increases, but the air trapped in the middle ear does not automatically adjust to this change in pressure. This can lead to discomfort and potentially serious injury as the pressure can cause the eardrum to stretch and tear, resulting in barotrauma.

By equalizing, typically by techniques such as swallowing, yawning, or performing the Valsalva maneuver (pinching the nose and gently blowing), divers can allow air to flow into the middle ear and equalize the pressure. This process ensures that the pressure on either side of the eardrum remains balanced, thereby preventing discomfort and injury during the dive. The safety and health of the ear structures are crucial for both immediate comfort and long-term hearing ability, making this pressure equalization an essential practice for all divers.